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Biodiversity of Ouachita Upland Rivers http://www.biosurvey.ou.edu/Biodiversity_Web_Site/main.htm[1/25/2012 3:04:47 PM] BIODIVERSITY of OUACHITA UPLAND RIVERS Freshwater ecosystems and the organisms that inhabit them are imperiled disproportionately compared to other groups. The rivers of the Ouachita Uplands in southeastern Oklahoma and western Arkansas.are relatively pristine, and may represent one of the last strongholds of freshwater biodiversity in North America. An elktoe mussel, Alasmidonta marginata, from the Ouachita River Over the past few years we have been documenting the biodiversity of invertebrates and fishes in major rivers of the Ouachita Uplands. Our surveys involve canoeing rivers and stopping in areas of appropriate habitat to survey mussels, benthic macroinvertebrates, meiofauna, and fishes. Environmental parameters are also measured at each site. The objectives of our project are to thoroughly document the biodiversity of these rivers and to examine associations between freshwater mussels and other aquatic groups. Organisms that we collect are sent to experts and museums around the country for identification and description, and we anticipate the discovery of new species of invertebrates. The information that we collect can be used as a baseline for future monitoring of these rivers. This project has been funded by the Biotic Surveys & Inventories Program of the National Science Foundation by award DEB-9870092. Biodiversity of Ouachita Upland Rivers http://www.biosurvey.ou.edu/Biodiversity_Web_Site/main.htm[1/25/2012 3:04:47 PM] Additional Information About... Biodiversity What is biodiversity and why is it an important area of research? Rivers Descriptions of the river ecosystems studied in the Ouachita Uplands Biodiversity Project. Species Listing of species surveyed in the rivers of the Ouachita Uplands. Understand more about highlighted species. Project Personnel Sampling Methods Taxonomic Experts Oklahoma Biological Survey Aquatic Biology at the University of Oklahoma University of Oklahoma Department of Zoology Sam Noble Oklahoma Museum of Natural History North American Benthological Society National Science Foundation Unio Gallery Freshwater Mollusk Conservation Society Recent and Fossil Freshwater Mollusk Research Collections Searchable Bibliography of Freshwater Mollusk Literature This page is sponsored by the Oklahoma Biological Survey. Biodiversity of Ouachita Upland Rivers http://www.biosurvey.ou.edu/Biodiversity_Web_Site/main.htm[1/25/2012 3:04:47 PM] Disclaimer Biodiversity Description http://www.biosurvey.ou.edu/Biodiversity_Web_Site/biodiversitydesc.htm[1/25/2012 3:04:49 PM] BIODIVERSITY of OUACHITA UPLAND RIVERS Biodiversity Biodiversity, or biological diversity, may be defined as the variety of living organisms inhabiting an area. Biologists usually divide 'biodiversity' into three levels: genetic, species and community. Our study is primarily concerned with taxonomic or species diversity, that is we want to know what species occur at the different sites in the rivers we are surveying. However, we are collecting samples so that others can examine the genetic diversity of mussels. Mussel tissue is being deposited with several genetics laboratories where it will be available to other researchers for genetic and systematic studies. Our study is documenting the number of species and their abundance at riverine sites throughout the Ouachita Uplands. We are examining four groups of aquatic organisms: mussels, benthic macroinvertebrates, meiofauna, and fishes. Benthic macroinvertebrates are organisms such as snails and larval insects that live on the stream bottom. Meiofauna are very small organisms, such as some worms and crustaceans, that live in the spaces between sand and gravel particles under the stream. Rivers http://www.biosurvey.ou.edu/Biodiversity_Web_Site/Rivers.htm[1/25/2012 3:04:56 PM] BIODIVERSITY of OUACHITA UPLAND RIVERS Rivers of the Ouachita Uplands Kiamichi River Mountain Fork River Glover River Little River Caddo River Little Missouri River Poteau River Ouachita River Saline River Go to Ouachita Upland Rivers Map Kiamichi http://www.biosurvey.ou.edu/Biodiversity_Web_Site/Kiamichi.htm[1/25/2012 3:05:08 PM] BIODIVERSITY of OUACHITA UPLAND RIVERS Kiamichi River The Kiamichi River, a major tributary of the Red River, flows through the Ouachita Mountains and Gulf Coastal Plain of southeastern Oklahoma. The river is 272 km long and has a drainage area of 4,800 km2. The Kiamichi is known for its clean water and high aquatic biodiversity, including more than 100 fish species and 30 species of mussels, more than half the mussels known from the entire state of Oklahoma. The Kiamichi River contains an important population of the federally listed Ouachita Rock- Pocketbook mussel (Arkansia wheeleri) and seven other vulnerable or imperiled mussel species including the recently re-discovered Scaleshell mussel (Leptodea leptodon). The Kiamichi River was recently selected by The Nature Conservancy as one of the most critical watersheds in the U.S. for protecting biodiversity, based on its diverse and abundant aquatic fauna and the fact that the Kiamichi is one of the few tributaries of the Red River that has not been significantly influenced by major land use changes or water diversion. However, mussel populations in the Kiamichi now face significant threat from several years of drought conditions combined with high demand for water in the region. Mountain Fork http://www.biosurvey.ou.edu/Biodiversity_Web_Site/mtfork.htm[1/25/2012 3:05:10 PM] BIODIVERSITY of OUACHITA UPLAND RIVERS Mountain Fork River The Mountain Fork River, a tributary of the Little River, has a drainage area of 2240 km2. Glover http://www.biosurvey.ou.edu/Biodiversity_Web_Site/Glover.htm[1/25/2012 3:05:13 PM] BIODIVERSITY of OUACHITA UPLAND RIVERS Glover River The Glover River is the only remaining unimpounded tributary of the Little River. This highly pristine river is 48 km long, has a drainage area of 876 km2, and is known for its scenic value and fish biodiversity. The river contains the largest known population of the federally threatened leopard darter, Percina pantherina. The upper two thirds of the river are high gradient (average slope 19 m/km) and characterized by low bedrock and boulder falls, chutes and riffles. Below the fall line, the gradient decreases to 1 m/km as the river flows through the Gulf Coastal Plain before entering the Little River. Here stream habitat is characterized by deep, long pools separated by shallow riffles. Riparian areas are mixed pine and oak forest historically harvested for timber by private companies. Since 1996, much of the watershed has come under the management of the U.S. Forest Service and timber harvest has decreased. Little http://www.biosurvey.ou.edu/Biodiversity_Web_Site/little.htm[1/25/2012 3:05:15 PM] BIODIVERSITY of OUACHITA UPLAND RIVERS Little River The Little River, a major tributary of the Red River, drains 5,700 km2 in southeastern Oklahoma and southwestern Arkansas. The river is 349 km in length. The upper reaches of the river flow through the Ouachita Mountains and the upper watershed is heavily forested and used primarily for silviculture. Lower reaches of the river flow through the fertile bottomlands of the Gulf Coastal Plain. The Little River headwaters are boulder-cobble and gravel with well-developed pools and swift rapids until the mainstem forms Pine Creek Reservoir. Below the reservoir the river retains pool-riffle structure over a mostly gravel bed, with water willow a common structural feature in the shallows. The Little River is influenced by two impoundments. The mainstem Little River is impounded by Pine Creek Reservoir, used for flood control, water supply and recreation. Approximately 30 miles below Pine Creek Reservoir, a sixteen mile section of the river flows through the Little River National Wildlife Refuge (15,000 acres). The section of the Little River on the wildlife refuge contains very diverse and healthy mussel populations, including a population of the federally endangered Ouachita Rock Pocketbook Mussel, Arkansia wheeleri. 64 km below downstream of Pine Creek dam, the Mountain Fork River enters the Little River. The lower Mountain Fork River is impounded by Broken Bow Reservoir which is used for hydroelectric power among other uses. Water entering the Little River from the Mountain Fork River is very cold, and mussel populations have been extirpated for many km downstream. Little http://www.biosurvey.ou.edu/Biodiversity_Web_Site/little.htm[1/25/2012 3:05:15 PM] Caddo http://www.biosurvey.ou.edu/Biodiversity_Web_Site/Caddo.htm[1/25/2012 3:05:18 PM] BIODIVERSITY of OUACHITA UPLAND RIVERS Caddo River The Caddo River is a major tributary of the Ouachita River. The Caddo arises in the Ouachita Mountains of western Arkansas. The Caddo River has a drainage area of 1235 km2. Little Missouri http://www.biosurvey.ou.edu/Biodiversity_Web_Site/littlemo.htm[1/25/2012 3:05:20 PM] BIODIVERSITY of OUACHITA UPLAND RIVERS Little Missouri River The Little Missouri River is a major tributary of the Ouachita River. The headwater area is known for its scenic pine-forested ridges and valleys. The river cascades through a series of white-water gorges, including Little Missouri Falls, before leveling off as it flows across the Arkansas Piedmont. The river has a drainage area of 5447 km2. Poteau http://www.biosurvey.ou.edu/Biodiversity_Web_Site/Poteau.htm[1/25/2012 3:05:22 PM] BIODIVERSITY of OUACHITA UPLAND RIVERS Poteau River The Poteau River arises in the Ouachita Mountains of western Arkansas, flows westward into Oklahoma, then flows north to join the Arkansas River at Fort Smith. The Poteau has a drainage area of 4895 km2. Ouachita http://www.biosurvey.ou.edu/Biodiversity_Web_Site/Ouachita.htm[1/25/2012 3:05:24 PM] BIODIVERSITY of OUACHITA UPLAND RIVERS Ouachita River The Ouachita River originates in the Ouachita Mountains northwest of Mena, Arkansas, and meanders eastward through the heart of the Ouachita National Forest to just west of Hot Springs where it forms three impoundments. The river then flows southward across the Gulf Coastal Plain into Louisiana where it enters the Red River. The Ouachita River is the largest river in the Ouachita Highlands with a drainage area of 67,337 km2 and a total length of 872 km2. Major tributaries originating in the Ouachita Highlands include the Caddo, Little Missouri and Saline rivers. Saline http://www.biosurvey.ou.edu/Biodiversity_Web_Site/Saline.htm[1/25/2012 3:05:27 PM] BIODIVERSITY of OUACHITA UPLAND RIVERS Saline River The Saline River originates in the eastern Ouachita Mountains in central Arkansas and flows southward 328 km to converge with the Ouachita River. The Saline River has a drainage area of 8417 km2. The upper, mountainous reaches of the Saline consist of a series of cobble riffles and pools. In lower reaches where the river flows through Gulf Coastal Plain the channel consists of sand and mud. Map http://www.biosurvey.ou.edu/Biodiversity_Web_Site/Map.htm[1/25/2012 3:05:28 PM] BIODIVERSITY of OUACHITA UPLAND RIVERS River Locations in Oklahoma and Arkansas Ouachita Upland Rivers Kiamichi Mountain Fork Glover Little Caddo Little Missouri Poteau Ouachita Saline Click on the river name from the left list to link highlighted rivers to their physical descriptions and associated species. Species http://www.biosurvey.ou.edu/Biodiversity_Web_Site/Species.htm[1/25/2012 3:05:00 PM] BIODIVERSITY of OUACHITA UPLAND RIVERS Taxa List . Benthic Macroinvertebrates Nets of hydropsychid caddiflies Helicopsyhe borealis, a common in caddisfly in Ouachita Upland streams Freshwater Mussels Lists of fishes will be posted soon. Meiofaunal invertebrates and adult insects are still being identified. Species http://www.biosurvey.ou.edu/Biodiversity_Web_Site/Species.htm[1/25/2012 3:05:00 PM] Benthic Taxa http://www.biosurvey.ou.edu/Biodiversity_Web_Site/benthictaxa.htm[1/25/2012 3:05:30 PM] BIODIVERSITY of OUACHITA UPLAND RIVERS Benthic Macroinvertebrates Benthic macroinvertebrate species found in Ouachita Upland Rivers. This is a preliminary list. Many specimens are still being identified by our taxonomic experts. Mussels, while benthic macroinvertebrates, are listed separately. Phylum Platyhelminthes Phylum Annelida Phylum Arthropoda Class Turbellaria Class Hirudinea Class Arachnida Order Tricladida Family Glossiphoniidae Order Hydracarina (water mites) Family Planariidae Actinobdella annectens Actinobdella inequiannulata Actinobdella sp. Helobdella elongata Helobdella sp. Helobdella triserialis Oligobdella biannulata Family Hygrobatidae Hygrobates sp. Dugesia tigrina Family Lebertiidae Lebertia sp. Phylum Mollusca (non-mussel) Family Omartacaridae Class Gastropoda Omartacarus sp. Family Ancylidae Class Malacostraca (limpets) Laevapex fuscus Order Decapoda Family Lymnaeidae Family Planorbidae Family Pleuroceridae Family Cambaridae (crayfishes) Class Oligochaeta currently being identified currently being Order Isopoda identified Family Assellidae Elimia sp. Lirceus sp. Class Bivalvia Order Amphipoda Family Corbiculidae Family Talitridae Corbicula fluminea Hyalella azteca Link to the Insect page! Class Insecta Order Coleoptera (beetles) Order Diptera (true flies) Order Ephemeroptera Order Lepidoptera Order Megaloptera Order Odonata Order Plecoptera Order Tricoptera Mussels http://www.biosurvey.ou.edu/Biodiversity_Web_Site/Mussels.htm[1/25/2012 3:05:31 PM] BIODIVERSITY of OUACHITA UPLAND RIVERS Freshwater Mussels The freshwater mussel (Bivalvia: Unionidae) fauna of North American streams is the most diverse in the world, but is highly threatened and declining at an alarming rate. Over 70% of native North American mussels are either already extinct, federally listed as endangered or threatened, or in need of conservation status. Freshwater mussels provide important services such as habitat and nutrients for other aquatic organisms, thus the decline in freshwater mussels may lead to the collapse of other riverine faunas. However, no studies have examined what the decline in native mussels may mean to other river organisms or stream ecosystem function. Our study is both documenting the distribution and abundance of mussels in Ouachita Upland rivers and examining the relationships between mussels and the invertebrates and fishes with which they co-occur. Ouachita Upland rivers are an ideal system to examine these relationships since many rivers have not lost a significant proportion of their species to extinction. Complete species list Species lists by river OMuuach Insects http://www.biosurvey.ou.edu/Biodiversity_Web_Site/Insects.htm[1/25/2012 3:05:31 PM] BIODIVERSITY of OUACHITA UPLAND RIVERS Benthic Macroinvertebrates: Insects This is a preliminary list of insects. Many specimens are still being identified by our taxonomic experts. Class Insecta Order Coleoptera (beetles) Order Ephemeroptera (mayflies) Order Odonata Family Dermestidae Family Baetidae Family Coenagrionidae Family Elmidae Acentrella sp. Acerpenna pygmaea Acerpenna sp. Apobaetis sp. Baetis intercalaris Baetis sp. Heterocloeon sp. Paracloeodes sp. Plauditus sp. Proceloeon sp. Argia lugines Argia pulla Argia sp. Ancyronyx variegatus Dubiraphia sp. Heterelmis sp. Microcylloepus pusillus Microcylloepus sp. Neoelmis caesa Neoelmis sp. Ordobrevia nubifera Stenelmis exigua Stenelmis parva Stenelmis sp. Family Corduliidae Macromiinae group Family Gomphidae Arigomphus sp. Dromogomphus sp. Gomphus sp. Hagenius sp. Phyllogomphoides sp. Stylogomphus sp. Family Baetiscidae Baetisca sp. Family Gyrinidae Family Caenidae Dineutus sp. Order Plecoptera Gyretes sp. Amercaenis sp. Brachycercus sp. Caenis hilaris Caenis sp. Family Perlidae Acroneuria sp. Neoperla sp. Paragnetina sp. Family Psephenidae Ectopria sp. Psephenus sp. Family Ephemerellidae Serretella frisoni Order Diptera (true flies) Family Ephemeridae Order Trichoptera Ephemera sp. Family Brachycentridae. Hexagenia sp. Family Athericidae Atherix sp. Family Glossomatidae Suragina sp. Family Heptageniidae Family Helicopsychidae Helicopsyche borealis Cinygmula sp. Leucrocuta sp. Stenacron sp. Stenonema bednariki Stenonema femoratum Stenonema luteum Stenonema mediopunctatum Stenonema meririvulanum Stenonema modestum Stenonema pulchellum Stenonema rubrum Stenonema terminatum Stenonema tripunctatum Stenonema sp. Family Ceratopogonidae Family Chaoboridae Family Hydropsychidae Cheumatopsyche sp. Diplectrona sp. Homoplectra sp. Hydropsyche scalaris Hydropsyche sp. Metrichia sp. Chaoborus sp. Family Chironomidae currently being identified Family Empididae Hemerodromia sp. Family Ephydridae Brachydeutera sp. Family Hydroptilidae Hydroptila sp. Metrichia sp. Neotrichia sp. Oecetis sp. Family Muscidae Family Simuliidae Ectemia sp. Insects http://www.biosurvey.ou.edu/Biodiversity_Web_Site/Insects.htm[1/25/2012 3:05:31 PM] Metacnephia sp. Simulium sp. Oxyemira sp. Family Tabanidae Family Isonychiidae Family Leptoceridae Ceraclea sp. Mystacides sp. Nectopsyche pavida Nectopsyche exquisita Nectopsyche sp. Oecetis sp. Setodes sp. Tabanus sp. Isonychia sp. Family Tipulidae Family Leptophlebiidae Choroterpes sp. Neochoroterpes sp. Hexatoma sp. Family Polymitarcyidae Anthopotamus sp. Ephoron album Ephoron sp. Family Odontoceridae Family Potamanthidae Marrillia sp. Anthopotamus myops Family Philopotamidae Anthopotamus sp. Chimarra sp. Family Polycentropodidae Family Tricorythidae Cernotina sp. Neureclipsis sp. Polycentropus sp. Tricorythodes albilineatus Tricorythodes curvatus Tricorythodes sp. Order Lepidoptera Family Pyralidae Petrophila sp. Order Megaloptera Family Corydalidae Corydalus sp. Orohernes sp. Family Sialidae Sialis sp. Untitled Document http://www.biosurvey.ou.edu/Biodiversity_Web_Site/allmussels.htm[1/25/2012 3:05:32 PM] Mussels from the nine rivers we surveyed in the Ouachita Uplands Actinonais ligamentina : mucket Obovaria jacksoniana : southern hickorynut Alasmidonta marginata : elktoe Plectomerus dombeyanus : bankclimber Amblema plicata : threeridge Pleurobema rubrum : pyramid pigtoe Anodonta suborbiculata : flat floater Pleurobema sintoxia : round pigtoe Arcidens confragosus : rock-pocketbook Potamilus ohiensis : pink papershell Arkansia wheeleri : Ouachita rock-pocketbook Potamilus purpuratus : bleufer Cyprogenia aberti : western fanshell Ptychobranchus occidentalis : Ouachita kidneyshell Ellipsaria lineolata : butterfly Pyganodon grandis : giant floater Elliptio crassidens : elephantear Quadrula apiculata : southern mapleleaf Elliptio dilatata : spike Quadrula cylindrica : rabbitsfoot Fusconaia ebena : ebonyshell Quadrula fragosa : winged mapleleaf Fusconaia flava : Wabash pigtoe Quadrula metanevra : monkeyface Lampsilis abrupta : pink mucket Quadrula nobilus Lampsilis cardium : plain pocketbook Quadrula nodulata : wartback Lampsilis hydiana : Louisiana fatmucket Quadrula pustulosa : pimpleback Lampsilis powellii : Arkansas fatmucket Quadrula quadrula : mapleleaf Lampsilis satura : sandbank pocketbook Strophitus undulatus : creeper Lampsilis siliquoidea : fatmucket Toxolasma lividus : purple lilliput Lampsilis teres : yellow sandshell Toxolasma parvus : lilliput Lasmigona complanata : white heelsplitter Tritogonia verrucosa : pistolgrip Lasmigona costata : flutedshell Truncilla donaciformis : fawnsfoot Leptodea fragilis : fragile papershell Truncilla truncata : deertoe Leptodea leptodon : scaleshell Uniomerus tetralasmus : pondhorn Ligumia recta : black sandshell Utterbackia imbecillus : paper pondshell Ligumia subrostrata : pondmussel Villosa arkanasasensis : Ouachita creekshell Megalonaias nervosa : washboard Villosa iris : rainbow Untitled Document http://www.biosurvey.ou.edu/Biodiversity_Web_Site/allmussels.htm[1/25/2012 3:05:32 PM] Obliquaria reflexa : threehorn wartback Villosa lienosa : little spectaclecase Untitled Document http://www.biosurvey.ou.edu/Biodiversity_Web_Site/mussbyriv.htm[1/25/2012 3:05:33 PM] Mussel species lists by river Caddo River Glover River Kiamichi River Little River Mountain Fork River Ouachita River Poteau River Saline River http://www.biosurvey.ou.edu/Biodiversity_Web_Site/caddo%20mussel%20list.htm[1/25/2012 3:05:33 PM] Actinonaias ligamentina mucket Alasmidonta marginata elktoe Amblema plicata threeridge Cyprogenia aberti western fanshell Elliptio crassidens elephantear Elliptio dilatata spike Fusconaia flava Wabash pigtoe Lampsilis hydiana Louisiana fatmucket Lampsilis powellii Arkansas fatmucket Lampsilis satura sandbank pocketbook Lasmigona costata flutedshell Ptychobranchus occidentalis Ouachita kidneyshell Strophitus undulatus creeper Villosa lienosa little spectaclecase Mussels (Bivalvia, family Unionidae) known from the Caddo River. This is an incomplete list as some specimens are still being identified. http://www.biosurvey.ou.edu/Biodiversity_Web_Site/glover%20mussel%20list.htm[1/25/2012 3:05:33 PM] Mussels (Bivalvia, family Unionidae) from the Glover River. This is an incomplete list as some specimens are still being identified. Acinonaias ligamentina mucket Amblema plicata threeridge Ellipsaria lineolata butterfly Fusconaia flava Wabash pigtoe Lampsilis cardium plain pocketbook Lampsilis siliquoidea fat pocketbook Lasmigona costata fluted-shell Leptodea fragilis fragile papershell Plectomerus dombeyanus bankclimber Potamilus purpuratus bleufer Ptychobranchus occidentalis Ouachita kidneyshell Quadrula cylindrica rabbitsfoot Quadrula pustulosa pimpleback Quadrula quadrula mapleleaf Strophitus undulatus creeper Toxolasma parvus lilliput Tritogonia verrucosa pistolgrip Truncilla truncata deertoe Uniomerus tetralasmus pondhorn Villosa arkanasasensis Ouachita creekshell Villosa iris rainbow Villosa lienosa little spectaclecase http://www.biosurvey.ou.edu/Biodiversity_Web_Site/kiamichi%20mussel%20list.htm[1/25/2012 3:05:34 PM] Mussels (Bivalvia, family Unionidae) known from the Kiamichi River. Actinonaias ligamentina mucket Amblema plicata threeridge Arkansia wheeleri Ouachita rockpocketbook Ellipsaria lineolata butterfly Fusconaia flava Wabash pigtoe Lampsilis cardium plain pocketbook Lampsilis siliquoidea fatmucket Lampsilis teres yellow sandshell Lasmigona complanata white heelsplitter Lasmigona costata flutedshell Leptodea fragilis fragile papershell Leptodea leptodon scaleshell Ligumia subrostrata pondmussel Megalonaias nervosa washboard Obliquaria reflexa threehorn wartyback Obovaria jacksoniana southern hickorynut Plectomerus dombeyanus bankclimber Pleurobema rubrum pyramid pigtoe Potamilus purpuratus bleufer Ptychobranchus occidentalis Ouachita kidneyshell Pyganodon grandis giant floater Quadrula fragosa winged mapleleaf* Quadrula pustulosa pimpleback Quadrula quadrula mapleleaf Strophitus undulatus creeper Toxolasma parvus lilliput Toxolasma texasensis Texas lilliput Tritogonia verrucosa pistolgrip Truncilla truncata deertoe Villosa arkanasasensis Ouachita creekshell Villosa iris rainbow Villosa lienosa little spectaclecase *Not found in this study but reported to occur. We think the specimens found are a morphological variation of Quadrula quadrula, not Q. fragosa. http://www.biosurvey.ou.edu/Biodiversity_Web_Site/little%20mussel%20list.htm[1/25/2012 3:05:34 PM] Mussels (Bivalvia, family Unionidae) known from the Little River. This is an incomplete list as some specimens are still being identified. Actinonaias ligamentina mucket Amblema plicata threeridge Arkansia wheeleri Ouachita rock pocketbook Ellipsaria lineolata butterfly Elliptio dilatata spike Fusconaia flava Wabash pigtoe Lampsilis cardium plain pocketbook Lampsilis satura sandbank pocketbook Lampsilis siliquoidea fatmucket Lampsilis teres yellow sandshell Lasmigona complanata white heelsplitter Lasmigona costata flutedshell Leptodea fragilis fragile papershell Ligumia subrostrata pondmussel Megalonaias nervosa washboard Obliquaria reflexa threehorn wartyback Plectomerus dombeyanus bankclimber Pleurobema rubrum pyramid pigtoe Pleurobema sintoxia round pigtoe Potamilus purpuratus bleufer Ptychobranchus occidentalis Ouachita kidneyshell Pyganodon grandis giant floater Quadrula apiculata southern mapleleaf Quadrula cylindrica rabbitsfoot Quadrula nodulata wartyback Quadrula pustulosa pimpleback Quadrula quadrula mapleleaf Strophitus undulatus creeper Toxolasma parvus lilliput Toxolasma texasensis Texas lilliput Tritogonia verrucosa pistolgrip Truncilla donaciformis fawnsfoot Truncilla truncata deertoe Utterbackia imbecillis paper pondshell Villosa arkanasasensis Ouachita creekshell Villosa iris rainbow Villosa lienosa little spectaclecase http://www.biosurvey.ou.edu/Biodiversity_Web_Site/mt%20fork%20mussel%20list.htm[1/25/2012 3:05:34 PM] Mussels (Bivalvia, family Unionidae) from the Mountain Fork River. This is an incomplete list as some specimens are still being identified. Actinonaias ligamentina mucket Amblema plicata threeridge Fusconaia flava Wabash pigtoe Lampsilis cardium plain pocketbook Lampsilis siliquoidea fatmucket Lasmigona costata flutedshell Ligumia subrostrata pondmussel Obovaria jacksoniana southern hickorynut Ptychobranchus occidentalis Ouachita kidneyshell Quadrula pustulosa pimpleback Quadrula quadrula mapleleaf Strophitus undulatus creeper Toxolasma parvus lilliput Toxolasma texasensis Texas lilliput Tritogonia verrucosa pistolgrip Truncilla donaciformis fawnsfoot Villosa arkansasensis Ouachita creekshell Villosa iris rainbow Villosa lienosa little spectaclecase http://www.biosurvey.ou.edu/Biodiversity_Web_Site/ouachita%20mussel%20list.htm[1/25/2012 3:05:35 PM] Mussels (Bivalvia, family Unionidae) known from the Ouachita River. This is an incomplete list as some specimens are still being identified. * Not found in this study, but known to occur further downstream (Posey, W. R. 1997. Location, species composition and community estimates for mussel beds in the St. Francis and Ouachita Rivers in Arkansas. M.S. thesis, Arkansas State University. 178 pp.) Alasmidonta marginata elktoe Alasmidonta sp Actinonaias ligamentina mucket Amblema plicata threeridge Arkansia wheeleri Ouachita rock-pocketbook* Cyprogenia aberti western fanshell Elliptio crassidens elephantear Elliptio dilatata spike Ellipsaria lineolata butterfly Fusconaia flava Wabash pigtoe Fusconaia ebena ebonyshell Lampsilis abrubta pink mucket* Lampsilis cardium plain pocketbook Lampsilis hydiana Louisiana fatmucket* Lampsilis satura sandbank pocketbook Lampsilis siliquoidea fatmucket Lampsilis teres yellow sandshell Lasmigona costata flutedshell Leptodea fragilis fragile papershell Ligumia recta black sandshell Ligumia subrostrata pondmussel Megalonaias nervosa washboard* Obliquaria reflexa threehorn wartyback Obovaria jacksoniana southern hickorynut Potamilus ohiensis pink papershell* Potamilus purpuratus bleufer Plectomerus dombeyanus bankclimber* Pleurobema sintoxia round pigtoe Pleurobema rubrum pyramid pigtoe* Ptychobranchus occidentalis Ouachita kidneyshell Quadrula cylindrica rabbitsfoot Quadrula metanevra monkeyface Quadrula nodulata wartyback* Quadrula pustulosa pimpleback Quadrula quadrula mapleleaf Strophitus undulatus creeper Toxolasma parvus lilliput Tritogonia verrucosa pistolgrip Truncilla donaciformis fawnsfoot Truncilla truncata deertoe Utterbackia imbecillis paper pondshell http://www.biosurvey.ou.edu/Biodiversity_Web_Site/ouachita%20mussel%20list.htm[1/25/2012 3:05:35 PM] Villosa iris rainbow Villosa lienosa little spectaclecase http://www.biosurvey.ou.edu/Biodiversity_Web_Site/poteau%20mussel%20list.htm[1/25/2012 3:05:35 PM] Mussels (Bivalvia, family Unionidae) known from the Poteau River. This is an incomplete list as some specimens are still being identified. *Not found in our sampling, but found by John Harris in his survey of the upper Poteau River in Arkansas (Harris, J.L. 1994. Survey of the Freshwater Mussels (Mollusca: Unionidae) of the Poteau River in Arkansas). Actinonaias ligamentina mucket Amblema plicata threeridge Arcidens confragosus rock pocketbook Elliptio dilatata spike Ellipsaria lineolata butterfly Fusconaia flava Wabash pigtoe Lampsilis cardium plain pocketbook Lampsilis hydiana Louisiana fatmucket Lampsilis siliquoidea fatmucket Lampsilis teres yellow sandshell Lasmigona complanata white heelsplitter Lasmigona costata flutedshell Leptodea fragilis fragile papershell Ligumia subrostrata pondmussel* Megalonaias nervosa washboard Obliquaria reflexa threehorn wartyback Obovaria jacksoniana southern hickorynut* Pleurobema sintoxia round pigtoe Potamilus purpuratus bleufer Pyganodon grandis giant floater Quadrula nobilis Gulf mapleleaf Quadrula nodulata wartyback Quadrula pustulosa pimpleback Quadrula quadrula mapleleaf Strophitus undulatus creeper Toxolasma lividus purple lilliput* Toxolasma parvus lilliput Tritogonia verrucosa pistolgrip Truncilla donaciformis fawnsfoot* Truncilla truncata deertoe Utterbackia imbecillis paper pondshell* Villosa arkanasasensis Ouachita creekshell* Villosa iris rainbow Villosa lienosa little spectaclecase* http://www.biosurvey.ou.edu/Biodiversity_Web_Site/saline%20mussel%20list.htm[1/25/2012 3:05:36 PM] Mussels (Bivalvia, family Unionidae) from the Saline River. This is an incomplete list as some specimens are still being identified. * Not found in this study, but found further downstream (Davidson, C.L. 1997. Analysis of the mussel beds in the Little Missouri and Saline Rivers, Blue Mountain, Ozark and Dardanelle Lakes, Arkansas. MS thesis, Arkansas State University. 156 pp.). Alasmidonta marginata elktoe Actinonaias ligamentina mucket Amblema plicata threeridge Anodonta suborbiculata flat floater* Cyprogenia aberti western fanshell Ellipsaria lineolata butterfly* Elliptio dilatata spike Fusconaia flava Wabash pigtoe Fusconaia ebena ebonyshell Lampsilis abrubta pink mucket* Lampsilis cardium plain pocketbook Lampsilis hydiana Louisiana fatmucket* Lampsilis powelli Arkansas fatmucket Lampsilis satura sandbank pocketbook Lampsilis teres yellow sandshell* Lasmigona costata fluted-shell Leptodea fragilis fragile papershell * Ligumia subrostrata pondmussel* Megalonaias nervosa washboard* Obliquaria reflexa threehorn wartyback* Obovaria jacksoniana southern hickorynut* Plectomerus dombeyanus bankclimber* Pleurobema sintoxia round pigtoe Potamilus purpuratus bleufer* Ptychobranchus occidentalis Ouachita kidneyshell Pyganodon grandis giant floater Quadrula pustulosa pimpleback Quadrula metanevra monkeyface* Quadrula nodulata wartyback* Quadrula quadrula mapleleaf* Strophitus undulatus creeper Toxolasma lividus purple lilliput* Tritogonia verrucosa pistolgrip Truncilla donaciformis fawnsfoot* Truncilla truncata deertoe* Utterbackia imbecillis paper pondshell Villosa iris rainbow Villosa lienosa little spectaclecase http://www.biosurvey.ou.edu/Biodiversity_Web_Site/saline%20mussel%20list.htm[1/25/2012 3:05:36 PM] Scientists http://www.biosurvey.ou.edu/Biodiversity_Web_Site/Scientists.htm[1/25/2012 3:05:02 PM] BIODIVERSITY of OUACHITA UPLAND RIVERS Aquatic Ecology Enthusiasts Field Crew 2000 - Adam, Jennifer, Melissa and Dan Dr. Caryn Vaughn (cvaughn@ou.edu) is the Principal Investigator on the project. Caryn also is the Director of the Oklahoma Biological Survey and an Associate Professor of Zoology at the University of Oklahoma. She is a stream ecologist interested in all aspects of freshwater mussel biology, especially ecology and conservation. Daniel Spooner (dspooner@ou.edu) is a Graduate Research Assistant on the project. His responsibilities include, surveying, identifying, and cataloging freshwater mussels. Daniel is a PhD student in the Department of Zoology at the University of Oklahoma. .Melissa Moore (mmoore@ou.edu) was a Graduate Research Assistant on the project. Her responsibilities included surveying, identifying and cataloging samples of benthic insects and meiofauna. Melissa received her M.S. in Zoology from the University of Oklahoma in July, 2002, and is now a college teacher in Alabama Dan and Jennifer on the Kiamichi River Jennifer Johnson was a student technician on the project for several years. Jennifer participated in field surveys, sorted numerous samples of benthic invertebrates, and entered lots of data. Jennifer is now working as a technician at the NSF Sevilleta LTER site and completing an M.S. in Botany from the University of Oklahoma . Ferrella March (ferrella@ou.edu) is a Graduate Research Assistant on the project. Ferrella is currently identifying the chironomid larve we collected. She is pursuing her MS in Zoology, studying reservoir aging. Heather Basara was an REU student technician on the project. Heather participated in field surveys, processed benthic samples, and performed data entry. Heather has moved the mussel catalog between software platforms and designed this web page. Heather is currently working on a Ph.D. in Environmental Managment at the University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center. Scientists http://www.biosurvey.ou.edu/Biodiversity_Web_Site/Scientists.htm[1/25/2012 3:05:02 PM] Ferrella at the scope! Adam Richardson worked as an REU undergraduate field assistant on the project in 1999 and 2000. Adam recently graduated from Southwestern Oklahoma State University and is now working in a marine biology laboratory at the University of South Florida. He is applying to graduate schools and wants to study shark biology. Chad Kolkmann was an REU undergraduate field assistant on the project in summer 1999. Joy Boggs was an undergraduate student technician on the project. Joy's responsibilities included sorting samples of benthic and meiofaunal invertebrates and data entry. Joy is now working as a veterinary technician. William Mahoney was an undergraduate student technician on the project. William's responsibilities included sorting samples of benthic and meiofaunal invertebrates and data entry. William is now working as a forensic biologist with the Oklahoma State Bureau of Investigation. Sarah Maddux was an undergraduate REU student technician on the project. Sarah sorted samples of meiofauna. Eric Webber and Cara Hilgenfeld are undergraduate student technicians currently sorting meiofauna samples. Additional scientists were consulted for identification and verification of various taxa. See the Experts page for details. Sampling Methods http://www.biosurvey.ou.edu/Biodiversity_Web_Site/samplingmethods.htm[1/25/2012 3:05:05 PM] BIODIVERSITY of OUACHITA UPLAND RIVERS Sampling Methods Mussel habitat can often be identified by the presence of dead shell material on the banks and in the water. We sample mussels by snorkeling over their habitat and looking for their siphons sticking up out of the sediment. In most cases mussels are carefully picked up, identified and measured, and returned alive to the stream bottom. We take only limited voucher specimens. Tissue for genetic studies is sampled by taking a small clipping of mantle from the mussel and returning the live mussel to its habitat. Benthic invertebrates are quantitatively sampled using an apparatus that vacuums the substrate within a predefined area. This apparatus was designed by Dr. Art Brown from the University of Arkansas. We also qualitatively sample benthic invertebrates with nets at stream margins and in other unique habitats. The adult forms for benthic insects are collected by UV light traps. Meiofauna are sampled by taking sediment core samples. Fishes are sampled by seining. Experts http://www.biosurvey.ou.edu/Biodiversity_Web_Site/Experts.htm[1/25/2012 3:05:05 PM] BIODIVERSITY of OUACHITA UPLAND RIVERS Taxonomic Experts We are grateful to the following scientists for their help in identifying Ouachita Upland stream organisms. Dr. Cheryl Barr : Elmidae David Baumgardner : Ephemeroptera Dr. Elizabeth Bergey : Lepidoptera Dr. Arthur Bogan : Gastropoda / Unionidae Dr. Harley Brown : Elmidae Heidi Dunn : Oligochaeta Dr. Donald Klemm : Hirudinea Dr. Boris Kondratieff : Megaloptera and Plecoptera Dr. William Matthews : Fishes Dr. Dave Ruiter : Trichoptera
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Okla State Agency |
Biological Survey, Oklahoma |
Okla Agency Code | 'BIO' |
Title | Biodiversity Ouachita upland rivers |
Authors |
Oklahoma Biological Survey. Vaugh, Caryn C. |
Publisher | Oklahoma Biological Survey. |
Publication Date | 2003 |
Publication type |
Research Report/Study |
Subject |
Riparian animals--Ouachita Mountains (Ark. and Okla.) Mussels--Ouachita Mountains (Ark. and Okla.) Freshwater biodiversity--Ouachita Mountains (Ark. and Okla.) |
Purpose | Over the past few years we have been documenting the biodiversity of invertebrates and fishes in major rivers of the Ouachita Uplands. Our surveys involve canoeing rivers and stopping in areas of appropriate habitat to survey mussels, benthic macroinvertebrates, meiofauna, and fishes. Environmental parameters are also measured at each site. The objectives of our project are to thoroughly document the biodiversity of these rivers and to examine associations between freshwater mussels and other aquatic groups. Organisms that we collect are sent to experts and museums around the country for identification and description, and we anticipate the discovery of new species of invertebrates. The information that we collect can be used as a baseline for future monitoring of these rivers. |
Notes | webpage captured 1/2012, webpages dated 2003 |
OkDocs Class# | Z2935.8 B615o 2003 |
Digital Format | PDF, Adobe Reader required |
ODL electronic copy | Downloaded from agency website: |
Rights and Permissions | This Oklahoma government publication is provided for educational purposes under U.S. copyright law. Other usage requires permission of copyrightholders. |
Language | English |
Full text | Biodiversity of Ouachita Upland Rivers http://www.biosurvey.ou.edu/Biodiversity_Web_Site/main.htm[1/25/2012 3:04:47 PM] BIODIVERSITY of OUACHITA UPLAND RIVERS Freshwater ecosystems and the organisms that inhabit them are imperiled disproportionately compared to other groups. The rivers of the Ouachita Uplands in southeastern Oklahoma and western Arkansas.are relatively pristine, and may represent one of the last strongholds of freshwater biodiversity in North America. An elktoe mussel, Alasmidonta marginata, from the Ouachita River Over the past few years we have been documenting the biodiversity of invertebrates and fishes in major rivers of the Ouachita Uplands. Our surveys involve canoeing rivers and stopping in areas of appropriate habitat to survey mussels, benthic macroinvertebrates, meiofauna, and fishes. Environmental parameters are also measured at each site. The objectives of our project are to thoroughly document the biodiversity of these rivers and to examine associations between freshwater mussels and other aquatic groups. Organisms that we collect are sent to experts and museums around the country for identification and description, and we anticipate the discovery of new species of invertebrates. The information that we collect can be used as a baseline for future monitoring of these rivers. This project has been funded by the Biotic Surveys & Inventories Program of the National Science Foundation by award DEB-9870092. Biodiversity of Ouachita Upland Rivers http://www.biosurvey.ou.edu/Biodiversity_Web_Site/main.htm[1/25/2012 3:04:47 PM] Additional Information About... Biodiversity What is biodiversity and why is it an important area of research? Rivers Descriptions of the river ecosystems studied in the Ouachita Uplands Biodiversity Project. Species Listing of species surveyed in the rivers of the Ouachita Uplands. Understand more about highlighted species. Project Personnel Sampling Methods Taxonomic Experts Oklahoma Biological Survey Aquatic Biology at the University of Oklahoma University of Oklahoma Department of Zoology Sam Noble Oklahoma Museum of Natural History North American Benthological Society National Science Foundation Unio Gallery Freshwater Mollusk Conservation Society Recent and Fossil Freshwater Mollusk Research Collections Searchable Bibliography of Freshwater Mollusk Literature This page is sponsored by the Oklahoma Biological Survey. Biodiversity of Ouachita Upland Rivers http://www.biosurvey.ou.edu/Biodiversity_Web_Site/main.htm[1/25/2012 3:04:47 PM] Disclaimer Biodiversity Description http://www.biosurvey.ou.edu/Biodiversity_Web_Site/biodiversitydesc.htm[1/25/2012 3:04:49 PM] BIODIVERSITY of OUACHITA UPLAND RIVERS Biodiversity Biodiversity, or biological diversity, may be defined as the variety of living organisms inhabiting an area. Biologists usually divide 'biodiversity' into three levels: genetic, species and community. Our study is primarily concerned with taxonomic or species diversity, that is we want to know what species occur at the different sites in the rivers we are surveying. However, we are collecting samples so that others can examine the genetic diversity of mussels. Mussel tissue is being deposited with several genetics laboratories where it will be available to other researchers for genetic and systematic studies. Our study is documenting the number of species and their abundance at riverine sites throughout the Ouachita Uplands. We are examining four groups of aquatic organisms: mussels, benthic macroinvertebrates, meiofauna, and fishes. Benthic macroinvertebrates are organisms such as snails and larval insects that live on the stream bottom. Meiofauna are very small organisms, such as some worms and crustaceans, that live in the spaces between sand and gravel particles under the stream. Rivers http://www.biosurvey.ou.edu/Biodiversity_Web_Site/Rivers.htm[1/25/2012 3:04:56 PM] BIODIVERSITY of OUACHITA UPLAND RIVERS Rivers of the Ouachita Uplands Kiamichi River Mountain Fork River Glover River Little River Caddo River Little Missouri River Poteau River Ouachita River Saline River Go to Ouachita Upland Rivers Map Kiamichi http://www.biosurvey.ou.edu/Biodiversity_Web_Site/Kiamichi.htm[1/25/2012 3:05:08 PM] BIODIVERSITY of OUACHITA UPLAND RIVERS Kiamichi River The Kiamichi River, a major tributary of the Red River, flows through the Ouachita Mountains and Gulf Coastal Plain of southeastern Oklahoma. The river is 272 km long and has a drainage area of 4,800 km2. The Kiamichi is known for its clean water and high aquatic biodiversity, including more than 100 fish species and 30 species of mussels, more than half the mussels known from the entire state of Oklahoma. The Kiamichi River contains an important population of the federally listed Ouachita Rock- Pocketbook mussel (Arkansia wheeleri) and seven other vulnerable or imperiled mussel species including the recently re-discovered Scaleshell mussel (Leptodea leptodon). The Kiamichi River was recently selected by The Nature Conservancy as one of the most critical watersheds in the U.S. for protecting biodiversity, based on its diverse and abundant aquatic fauna and the fact that the Kiamichi is one of the few tributaries of the Red River that has not been significantly influenced by major land use changes or water diversion. However, mussel populations in the Kiamichi now face significant threat from several years of drought conditions combined with high demand for water in the region. Mountain Fork http://www.biosurvey.ou.edu/Biodiversity_Web_Site/mtfork.htm[1/25/2012 3:05:10 PM] BIODIVERSITY of OUACHITA UPLAND RIVERS Mountain Fork River The Mountain Fork River, a tributary of the Little River, has a drainage area of 2240 km2. Glover http://www.biosurvey.ou.edu/Biodiversity_Web_Site/Glover.htm[1/25/2012 3:05:13 PM] BIODIVERSITY of OUACHITA UPLAND RIVERS Glover River The Glover River is the only remaining unimpounded tributary of the Little River. This highly pristine river is 48 km long, has a drainage area of 876 km2, and is known for its scenic value and fish biodiversity. The river contains the largest known population of the federally threatened leopard darter, Percina pantherina. The upper two thirds of the river are high gradient (average slope 19 m/km) and characterized by low bedrock and boulder falls, chutes and riffles. Below the fall line, the gradient decreases to 1 m/km as the river flows through the Gulf Coastal Plain before entering the Little River. Here stream habitat is characterized by deep, long pools separated by shallow riffles. Riparian areas are mixed pine and oak forest historically harvested for timber by private companies. Since 1996, much of the watershed has come under the management of the U.S. Forest Service and timber harvest has decreased. Little http://www.biosurvey.ou.edu/Biodiversity_Web_Site/little.htm[1/25/2012 3:05:15 PM] BIODIVERSITY of OUACHITA UPLAND RIVERS Little River The Little River, a major tributary of the Red River, drains 5,700 km2 in southeastern Oklahoma and southwestern Arkansas. The river is 349 km in length. The upper reaches of the river flow through the Ouachita Mountains and the upper watershed is heavily forested and used primarily for silviculture. Lower reaches of the river flow through the fertile bottomlands of the Gulf Coastal Plain. The Little River headwaters are boulder-cobble and gravel with well-developed pools and swift rapids until the mainstem forms Pine Creek Reservoir. Below the reservoir the river retains pool-riffle structure over a mostly gravel bed, with water willow a common structural feature in the shallows. The Little River is influenced by two impoundments. The mainstem Little River is impounded by Pine Creek Reservoir, used for flood control, water supply and recreation. Approximately 30 miles below Pine Creek Reservoir, a sixteen mile section of the river flows through the Little River National Wildlife Refuge (15,000 acres). The section of the Little River on the wildlife refuge contains very diverse and healthy mussel populations, including a population of the federally endangered Ouachita Rock Pocketbook Mussel, Arkansia wheeleri. 64 km below downstream of Pine Creek dam, the Mountain Fork River enters the Little River. The lower Mountain Fork River is impounded by Broken Bow Reservoir which is used for hydroelectric power among other uses. Water entering the Little River from the Mountain Fork River is very cold, and mussel populations have been extirpated for many km downstream. Little http://www.biosurvey.ou.edu/Biodiversity_Web_Site/little.htm[1/25/2012 3:05:15 PM] Caddo http://www.biosurvey.ou.edu/Biodiversity_Web_Site/Caddo.htm[1/25/2012 3:05:18 PM] BIODIVERSITY of OUACHITA UPLAND RIVERS Caddo River The Caddo River is a major tributary of the Ouachita River. The Caddo arises in the Ouachita Mountains of western Arkansas. The Caddo River has a drainage area of 1235 km2. Little Missouri http://www.biosurvey.ou.edu/Biodiversity_Web_Site/littlemo.htm[1/25/2012 3:05:20 PM] BIODIVERSITY of OUACHITA UPLAND RIVERS Little Missouri River The Little Missouri River is a major tributary of the Ouachita River. The headwater area is known for its scenic pine-forested ridges and valleys. The river cascades through a series of white-water gorges, including Little Missouri Falls, before leveling off as it flows across the Arkansas Piedmont. The river has a drainage area of 5447 km2. Poteau http://www.biosurvey.ou.edu/Biodiversity_Web_Site/Poteau.htm[1/25/2012 3:05:22 PM] BIODIVERSITY of OUACHITA UPLAND RIVERS Poteau River The Poteau River arises in the Ouachita Mountains of western Arkansas, flows westward into Oklahoma, then flows north to join the Arkansas River at Fort Smith. The Poteau has a drainage area of 4895 km2. Ouachita http://www.biosurvey.ou.edu/Biodiversity_Web_Site/Ouachita.htm[1/25/2012 3:05:24 PM] BIODIVERSITY of OUACHITA UPLAND RIVERS Ouachita River The Ouachita River originates in the Ouachita Mountains northwest of Mena, Arkansas, and meanders eastward through the heart of the Ouachita National Forest to just west of Hot Springs where it forms three impoundments. The river then flows southward across the Gulf Coastal Plain into Louisiana where it enters the Red River. The Ouachita River is the largest river in the Ouachita Highlands with a drainage area of 67,337 km2 and a total length of 872 km2. Major tributaries originating in the Ouachita Highlands include the Caddo, Little Missouri and Saline rivers. Saline http://www.biosurvey.ou.edu/Biodiversity_Web_Site/Saline.htm[1/25/2012 3:05:27 PM] BIODIVERSITY of OUACHITA UPLAND RIVERS Saline River The Saline River originates in the eastern Ouachita Mountains in central Arkansas and flows southward 328 km to converge with the Ouachita River. The Saline River has a drainage area of 8417 km2. The upper, mountainous reaches of the Saline consist of a series of cobble riffles and pools. In lower reaches where the river flows through Gulf Coastal Plain the channel consists of sand and mud. Map http://www.biosurvey.ou.edu/Biodiversity_Web_Site/Map.htm[1/25/2012 3:05:28 PM] BIODIVERSITY of OUACHITA UPLAND RIVERS River Locations in Oklahoma and Arkansas Ouachita Upland Rivers Kiamichi Mountain Fork Glover Little Caddo Little Missouri Poteau Ouachita Saline Click on the river name from the left list to link highlighted rivers to their physical descriptions and associated species. Species http://www.biosurvey.ou.edu/Biodiversity_Web_Site/Species.htm[1/25/2012 3:05:00 PM] BIODIVERSITY of OUACHITA UPLAND RIVERS Taxa List . Benthic Macroinvertebrates Nets of hydropsychid caddiflies Helicopsyhe borealis, a common in caddisfly in Ouachita Upland streams Freshwater Mussels Lists of fishes will be posted soon. Meiofaunal invertebrates and adult insects are still being identified. Species http://www.biosurvey.ou.edu/Biodiversity_Web_Site/Species.htm[1/25/2012 3:05:00 PM] Benthic Taxa http://www.biosurvey.ou.edu/Biodiversity_Web_Site/benthictaxa.htm[1/25/2012 3:05:30 PM] BIODIVERSITY of OUACHITA UPLAND RIVERS Benthic Macroinvertebrates Benthic macroinvertebrate species found in Ouachita Upland Rivers. This is a preliminary list. Many specimens are still being identified by our taxonomic experts. Mussels, while benthic macroinvertebrates, are listed separately. Phylum Platyhelminthes Phylum Annelida Phylum Arthropoda Class Turbellaria Class Hirudinea Class Arachnida Order Tricladida Family Glossiphoniidae Order Hydracarina (water mites) Family Planariidae Actinobdella annectens Actinobdella inequiannulata Actinobdella sp. Helobdella elongata Helobdella sp. Helobdella triserialis Oligobdella biannulata Family Hygrobatidae Hygrobates sp. Dugesia tigrina Family Lebertiidae Lebertia sp. Phylum Mollusca (non-mussel) Family Omartacaridae Class Gastropoda Omartacarus sp. Family Ancylidae Class Malacostraca (limpets) Laevapex fuscus Order Decapoda Family Lymnaeidae Family Planorbidae Family Pleuroceridae Family Cambaridae (crayfishes) Class Oligochaeta currently being identified currently being Order Isopoda identified Family Assellidae Elimia sp. Lirceus sp. Class Bivalvia Order Amphipoda Family Corbiculidae Family Talitridae Corbicula fluminea Hyalella azteca Link to the Insect page! Class Insecta Order Coleoptera (beetles) Order Diptera (true flies) Order Ephemeroptera Order Lepidoptera Order Megaloptera Order Odonata Order Plecoptera Order Tricoptera Mussels http://www.biosurvey.ou.edu/Biodiversity_Web_Site/Mussels.htm[1/25/2012 3:05:31 PM] BIODIVERSITY of OUACHITA UPLAND RIVERS Freshwater Mussels The freshwater mussel (Bivalvia: Unionidae) fauna of North American streams is the most diverse in the world, but is highly threatened and declining at an alarming rate. Over 70% of native North American mussels are either already extinct, federally listed as endangered or threatened, or in need of conservation status. Freshwater mussels provide important services such as habitat and nutrients for other aquatic organisms, thus the decline in freshwater mussels may lead to the collapse of other riverine faunas. However, no studies have examined what the decline in native mussels may mean to other river organisms or stream ecosystem function. Our study is both documenting the distribution and abundance of mussels in Ouachita Upland rivers and examining the relationships between mussels and the invertebrates and fishes with which they co-occur. Ouachita Upland rivers are an ideal system to examine these relationships since many rivers have not lost a significant proportion of their species to extinction. Complete species list Species lists by river OMuuach Insects http://www.biosurvey.ou.edu/Biodiversity_Web_Site/Insects.htm[1/25/2012 3:05:31 PM] BIODIVERSITY of OUACHITA UPLAND RIVERS Benthic Macroinvertebrates: Insects This is a preliminary list of insects. Many specimens are still being identified by our taxonomic experts. Class Insecta Order Coleoptera (beetles) Order Ephemeroptera (mayflies) Order Odonata Family Dermestidae Family Baetidae Family Coenagrionidae Family Elmidae Acentrella sp. Acerpenna pygmaea Acerpenna sp. Apobaetis sp. Baetis intercalaris Baetis sp. Heterocloeon sp. Paracloeodes sp. Plauditus sp. Proceloeon sp. Argia lugines Argia pulla Argia sp. Ancyronyx variegatus Dubiraphia sp. Heterelmis sp. Microcylloepus pusillus Microcylloepus sp. Neoelmis caesa Neoelmis sp. Ordobrevia nubifera Stenelmis exigua Stenelmis parva Stenelmis sp. Family Corduliidae Macromiinae group Family Gomphidae Arigomphus sp. Dromogomphus sp. Gomphus sp. Hagenius sp. Phyllogomphoides sp. Stylogomphus sp. Family Baetiscidae Baetisca sp. Family Gyrinidae Family Caenidae Dineutus sp. Order Plecoptera Gyretes sp. Amercaenis sp. Brachycercus sp. Caenis hilaris Caenis sp. Family Perlidae Acroneuria sp. Neoperla sp. Paragnetina sp. Family Psephenidae Ectopria sp. Psephenus sp. Family Ephemerellidae Serretella frisoni Order Diptera (true flies) Family Ephemeridae Order Trichoptera Ephemera sp. Family Brachycentridae. Hexagenia sp. Family Athericidae Atherix sp. Family Glossomatidae Suragina sp. Family Heptageniidae Family Helicopsychidae Helicopsyche borealis Cinygmula sp. Leucrocuta sp. Stenacron sp. Stenonema bednariki Stenonema femoratum Stenonema luteum Stenonema mediopunctatum Stenonema meririvulanum Stenonema modestum Stenonema pulchellum Stenonema rubrum Stenonema terminatum Stenonema tripunctatum Stenonema sp. Family Ceratopogonidae Family Chaoboridae Family Hydropsychidae Cheumatopsyche sp. Diplectrona sp. Homoplectra sp. Hydropsyche scalaris Hydropsyche sp. Metrichia sp. Chaoborus sp. Family Chironomidae currently being identified Family Empididae Hemerodromia sp. Family Ephydridae Brachydeutera sp. Family Hydroptilidae Hydroptila sp. Metrichia sp. Neotrichia sp. Oecetis sp. Family Muscidae Family Simuliidae Ectemia sp. Insects http://www.biosurvey.ou.edu/Biodiversity_Web_Site/Insects.htm[1/25/2012 3:05:31 PM] Metacnephia sp. Simulium sp. Oxyemira sp. Family Tabanidae Family Isonychiidae Family Leptoceridae Ceraclea sp. Mystacides sp. Nectopsyche pavida Nectopsyche exquisita Nectopsyche sp. Oecetis sp. Setodes sp. Tabanus sp. Isonychia sp. Family Tipulidae Family Leptophlebiidae Choroterpes sp. Neochoroterpes sp. Hexatoma sp. Family Polymitarcyidae Anthopotamus sp. Ephoron album Ephoron sp. Family Odontoceridae Family Potamanthidae Marrillia sp. Anthopotamus myops Family Philopotamidae Anthopotamus sp. Chimarra sp. Family Polycentropodidae Family Tricorythidae Cernotina sp. Neureclipsis sp. Polycentropus sp. Tricorythodes albilineatus Tricorythodes curvatus Tricorythodes sp. Order Lepidoptera Family Pyralidae Petrophila sp. Order Megaloptera Family Corydalidae Corydalus sp. Orohernes sp. Family Sialidae Sialis sp. Untitled Document http://www.biosurvey.ou.edu/Biodiversity_Web_Site/allmussels.htm[1/25/2012 3:05:32 PM] Mussels from the nine rivers we surveyed in the Ouachita Uplands Actinonais ligamentina : mucket Obovaria jacksoniana : southern hickorynut Alasmidonta marginata : elktoe Plectomerus dombeyanus : bankclimber Amblema plicata : threeridge Pleurobema rubrum : pyramid pigtoe Anodonta suborbiculata : flat floater Pleurobema sintoxia : round pigtoe Arcidens confragosus : rock-pocketbook Potamilus ohiensis : pink papershell Arkansia wheeleri : Ouachita rock-pocketbook Potamilus purpuratus : bleufer Cyprogenia aberti : western fanshell Ptychobranchus occidentalis : Ouachita kidneyshell Ellipsaria lineolata : butterfly Pyganodon grandis : giant floater Elliptio crassidens : elephantear Quadrula apiculata : southern mapleleaf Elliptio dilatata : spike Quadrula cylindrica : rabbitsfoot Fusconaia ebena : ebonyshell Quadrula fragosa : winged mapleleaf Fusconaia flava : Wabash pigtoe Quadrula metanevra : monkeyface Lampsilis abrupta : pink mucket Quadrula nobilus Lampsilis cardium : plain pocketbook Quadrula nodulata : wartback Lampsilis hydiana : Louisiana fatmucket Quadrula pustulosa : pimpleback Lampsilis powellii : Arkansas fatmucket Quadrula quadrula : mapleleaf Lampsilis satura : sandbank pocketbook Strophitus undulatus : creeper Lampsilis siliquoidea : fatmucket Toxolasma lividus : purple lilliput Lampsilis teres : yellow sandshell Toxolasma parvus : lilliput Lasmigona complanata : white heelsplitter Tritogonia verrucosa : pistolgrip Lasmigona costata : flutedshell Truncilla donaciformis : fawnsfoot Leptodea fragilis : fragile papershell Truncilla truncata : deertoe Leptodea leptodon : scaleshell Uniomerus tetralasmus : pondhorn Ligumia recta : black sandshell Utterbackia imbecillus : paper pondshell Ligumia subrostrata : pondmussel Villosa arkanasasensis : Ouachita creekshell Megalonaias nervosa : washboard Villosa iris : rainbow Untitled Document http://www.biosurvey.ou.edu/Biodiversity_Web_Site/allmussels.htm[1/25/2012 3:05:32 PM] Obliquaria reflexa : threehorn wartback Villosa lienosa : little spectaclecase Untitled Document http://www.biosurvey.ou.edu/Biodiversity_Web_Site/mussbyriv.htm[1/25/2012 3:05:33 PM] Mussel species lists by river Caddo River Glover River Kiamichi River Little River Mountain Fork River Ouachita River Poteau River Saline River http://www.biosurvey.ou.edu/Biodiversity_Web_Site/caddo%20mussel%20list.htm[1/25/2012 3:05:33 PM] Actinonaias ligamentina mucket Alasmidonta marginata elktoe Amblema plicata threeridge Cyprogenia aberti western fanshell Elliptio crassidens elephantear Elliptio dilatata spike Fusconaia flava Wabash pigtoe Lampsilis hydiana Louisiana fatmucket Lampsilis powellii Arkansas fatmucket Lampsilis satura sandbank pocketbook Lasmigona costata flutedshell Ptychobranchus occidentalis Ouachita kidneyshell Strophitus undulatus creeper Villosa lienosa little spectaclecase Mussels (Bivalvia, family Unionidae) known from the Caddo River. This is an incomplete list as some specimens are still being identified. http://www.biosurvey.ou.edu/Biodiversity_Web_Site/glover%20mussel%20list.htm[1/25/2012 3:05:33 PM] Mussels (Bivalvia, family Unionidae) from the Glover River. This is an incomplete list as some specimens are still being identified. Acinonaias ligamentina mucket Amblema plicata threeridge Ellipsaria lineolata butterfly Fusconaia flava Wabash pigtoe Lampsilis cardium plain pocketbook Lampsilis siliquoidea fat pocketbook Lasmigona costata fluted-shell Leptodea fragilis fragile papershell Plectomerus dombeyanus bankclimber Potamilus purpuratus bleufer Ptychobranchus occidentalis Ouachita kidneyshell Quadrula cylindrica rabbitsfoot Quadrula pustulosa pimpleback Quadrula quadrula mapleleaf Strophitus undulatus creeper Toxolasma parvus lilliput Tritogonia verrucosa pistolgrip Truncilla truncata deertoe Uniomerus tetralasmus pondhorn Villosa arkanasasensis Ouachita creekshell Villosa iris rainbow Villosa lienosa little spectaclecase http://www.biosurvey.ou.edu/Biodiversity_Web_Site/kiamichi%20mussel%20list.htm[1/25/2012 3:05:34 PM] Mussels (Bivalvia, family Unionidae) known from the Kiamichi River. Actinonaias ligamentina mucket Amblema plicata threeridge Arkansia wheeleri Ouachita rockpocketbook Ellipsaria lineolata butterfly Fusconaia flava Wabash pigtoe Lampsilis cardium plain pocketbook Lampsilis siliquoidea fatmucket Lampsilis teres yellow sandshell Lasmigona complanata white heelsplitter Lasmigona costata flutedshell Leptodea fragilis fragile papershell Leptodea leptodon scaleshell Ligumia subrostrata pondmussel Megalonaias nervosa washboard Obliquaria reflexa threehorn wartyback Obovaria jacksoniana southern hickorynut Plectomerus dombeyanus bankclimber Pleurobema rubrum pyramid pigtoe Potamilus purpuratus bleufer Ptychobranchus occidentalis Ouachita kidneyshell Pyganodon grandis giant floater Quadrula fragosa winged mapleleaf* Quadrula pustulosa pimpleback Quadrula quadrula mapleleaf Strophitus undulatus creeper Toxolasma parvus lilliput Toxolasma texasensis Texas lilliput Tritogonia verrucosa pistolgrip Truncilla truncata deertoe Villosa arkanasasensis Ouachita creekshell Villosa iris rainbow Villosa lienosa little spectaclecase *Not found in this study but reported to occur. We think the specimens found are a morphological variation of Quadrula quadrula, not Q. fragosa. http://www.biosurvey.ou.edu/Biodiversity_Web_Site/little%20mussel%20list.htm[1/25/2012 3:05:34 PM] Mussels (Bivalvia, family Unionidae) known from the Little River. This is an incomplete list as some specimens are still being identified. Actinonaias ligamentina mucket Amblema plicata threeridge Arkansia wheeleri Ouachita rock pocketbook Ellipsaria lineolata butterfly Elliptio dilatata spike Fusconaia flava Wabash pigtoe Lampsilis cardium plain pocketbook Lampsilis satura sandbank pocketbook Lampsilis siliquoidea fatmucket Lampsilis teres yellow sandshell Lasmigona complanata white heelsplitter Lasmigona costata flutedshell Leptodea fragilis fragile papershell Ligumia subrostrata pondmussel Megalonaias nervosa washboard Obliquaria reflexa threehorn wartyback Plectomerus dombeyanus bankclimber Pleurobema rubrum pyramid pigtoe Pleurobema sintoxia round pigtoe Potamilus purpuratus bleufer Ptychobranchus occidentalis Ouachita kidneyshell Pyganodon grandis giant floater Quadrula apiculata southern mapleleaf Quadrula cylindrica rabbitsfoot Quadrula nodulata wartyback Quadrula pustulosa pimpleback Quadrula quadrula mapleleaf Strophitus undulatus creeper Toxolasma parvus lilliput Toxolasma texasensis Texas lilliput Tritogonia verrucosa pistolgrip Truncilla donaciformis fawnsfoot Truncilla truncata deertoe Utterbackia imbecillis paper pondshell Villosa arkanasasensis Ouachita creekshell Villosa iris rainbow Villosa lienosa little spectaclecase http://www.biosurvey.ou.edu/Biodiversity_Web_Site/mt%20fork%20mussel%20list.htm[1/25/2012 3:05:34 PM] Mussels (Bivalvia, family Unionidae) from the Mountain Fork River. This is an incomplete list as some specimens are still being identified. Actinonaias ligamentina mucket Amblema plicata threeridge Fusconaia flava Wabash pigtoe Lampsilis cardium plain pocketbook Lampsilis siliquoidea fatmucket Lasmigona costata flutedshell Ligumia subrostrata pondmussel Obovaria jacksoniana southern hickorynut Ptychobranchus occidentalis Ouachita kidneyshell Quadrula pustulosa pimpleback Quadrula quadrula mapleleaf Strophitus undulatus creeper Toxolasma parvus lilliput Toxolasma texasensis Texas lilliput Tritogonia verrucosa pistolgrip Truncilla donaciformis fawnsfoot Villosa arkansasensis Ouachita creekshell Villosa iris rainbow Villosa lienosa little spectaclecase http://www.biosurvey.ou.edu/Biodiversity_Web_Site/ouachita%20mussel%20list.htm[1/25/2012 3:05:35 PM] Mussels (Bivalvia, family Unionidae) known from the Ouachita River. This is an incomplete list as some specimens are still being identified. * Not found in this study, but known to occur further downstream (Posey, W. R. 1997. Location, species composition and community estimates for mussel beds in the St. Francis and Ouachita Rivers in Arkansas. M.S. thesis, Arkansas State University. 178 pp.) Alasmidonta marginata elktoe Alasmidonta sp Actinonaias ligamentina mucket Amblema plicata threeridge Arkansia wheeleri Ouachita rock-pocketbook* Cyprogenia aberti western fanshell Elliptio crassidens elephantear Elliptio dilatata spike Ellipsaria lineolata butterfly Fusconaia flava Wabash pigtoe Fusconaia ebena ebonyshell Lampsilis abrubta pink mucket* Lampsilis cardium plain pocketbook Lampsilis hydiana Louisiana fatmucket* Lampsilis satura sandbank pocketbook Lampsilis siliquoidea fatmucket Lampsilis teres yellow sandshell Lasmigona costata flutedshell Leptodea fragilis fragile papershell Ligumia recta black sandshell Ligumia subrostrata pondmussel Megalonaias nervosa washboard* Obliquaria reflexa threehorn wartyback Obovaria jacksoniana southern hickorynut Potamilus ohiensis pink papershell* Potamilus purpuratus bleufer Plectomerus dombeyanus bankclimber* Pleurobema sintoxia round pigtoe Pleurobema rubrum pyramid pigtoe* Ptychobranchus occidentalis Ouachita kidneyshell Quadrula cylindrica rabbitsfoot Quadrula metanevra monkeyface Quadrula nodulata wartyback* Quadrula pustulosa pimpleback Quadrula quadrula mapleleaf Strophitus undulatus creeper Toxolasma parvus lilliput Tritogonia verrucosa pistolgrip Truncilla donaciformis fawnsfoot Truncilla truncata deertoe Utterbackia imbecillis paper pondshell http://www.biosurvey.ou.edu/Biodiversity_Web_Site/ouachita%20mussel%20list.htm[1/25/2012 3:05:35 PM] Villosa iris rainbow Villosa lienosa little spectaclecase http://www.biosurvey.ou.edu/Biodiversity_Web_Site/poteau%20mussel%20list.htm[1/25/2012 3:05:35 PM] Mussels (Bivalvia, family Unionidae) known from the Poteau River. This is an incomplete list as some specimens are still being identified. *Not found in our sampling, but found by John Harris in his survey of the upper Poteau River in Arkansas (Harris, J.L. 1994. Survey of the Freshwater Mussels (Mollusca: Unionidae) of the Poteau River in Arkansas). Actinonaias ligamentina mucket Amblema plicata threeridge Arcidens confragosus rock pocketbook Elliptio dilatata spike Ellipsaria lineolata butterfly Fusconaia flava Wabash pigtoe Lampsilis cardium plain pocketbook Lampsilis hydiana Louisiana fatmucket Lampsilis siliquoidea fatmucket Lampsilis teres yellow sandshell Lasmigona complanata white heelsplitter Lasmigona costata flutedshell Leptodea fragilis fragile papershell Ligumia subrostrata pondmussel* Megalonaias nervosa washboard Obliquaria reflexa threehorn wartyback Obovaria jacksoniana southern hickorynut* Pleurobema sintoxia round pigtoe Potamilus purpuratus bleufer Pyganodon grandis giant floater Quadrula nobilis Gulf mapleleaf Quadrula nodulata wartyback Quadrula pustulosa pimpleback Quadrula quadrula mapleleaf Strophitus undulatus creeper Toxolasma lividus purple lilliput* Toxolasma parvus lilliput Tritogonia verrucosa pistolgrip Truncilla donaciformis fawnsfoot* Truncilla truncata deertoe Utterbackia imbecillis paper pondshell* Villosa arkanasasensis Ouachita creekshell* Villosa iris rainbow Villosa lienosa little spectaclecase* http://www.biosurvey.ou.edu/Biodiversity_Web_Site/saline%20mussel%20list.htm[1/25/2012 3:05:36 PM] Mussels (Bivalvia, family Unionidae) from the Saline River. This is an incomplete list as some specimens are still being identified. * Not found in this study, but found further downstream (Davidson, C.L. 1997. Analysis of the mussel beds in the Little Missouri and Saline Rivers, Blue Mountain, Ozark and Dardanelle Lakes, Arkansas. MS thesis, Arkansas State University. 156 pp.). Alasmidonta marginata elktoe Actinonaias ligamentina mucket Amblema plicata threeridge Anodonta suborbiculata flat floater* Cyprogenia aberti western fanshell Ellipsaria lineolata butterfly* Elliptio dilatata spike Fusconaia flava Wabash pigtoe Fusconaia ebena ebonyshell Lampsilis abrubta pink mucket* Lampsilis cardium plain pocketbook Lampsilis hydiana Louisiana fatmucket* Lampsilis powelli Arkansas fatmucket Lampsilis satura sandbank pocketbook Lampsilis teres yellow sandshell* Lasmigona costata fluted-shell Leptodea fragilis fragile papershell * Ligumia subrostrata pondmussel* Megalonaias nervosa washboard* Obliquaria reflexa threehorn wartyback* Obovaria jacksoniana southern hickorynut* Plectomerus dombeyanus bankclimber* Pleurobema sintoxia round pigtoe Potamilus purpuratus bleufer* Ptychobranchus occidentalis Ouachita kidneyshell Pyganodon grandis giant floater Quadrula pustulosa pimpleback Quadrula metanevra monkeyface* Quadrula nodulata wartyback* Quadrula quadrula mapleleaf* Strophitus undulatus creeper Toxolasma lividus purple lilliput* Tritogonia verrucosa pistolgrip Truncilla donaciformis fawnsfoot* Truncilla truncata deertoe* Utterbackia imbecillis paper pondshell Villosa iris rainbow Villosa lienosa little spectaclecase http://www.biosurvey.ou.edu/Biodiversity_Web_Site/saline%20mussel%20list.htm[1/25/2012 3:05:36 PM] Scientists http://www.biosurvey.ou.edu/Biodiversity_Web_Site/Scientists.htm[1/25/2012 3:05:02 PM] BIODIVERSITY of OUACHITA UPLAND RIVERS Aquatic Ecology Enthusiasts Field Crew 2000 - Adam, Jennifer, Melissa and Dan Dr. Caryn Vaughn (cvaughn@ou.edu) is the Principal Investigator on the project. Caryn also is the Director of the Oklahoma Biological Survey and an Associate Professor of Zoology at the University of Oklahoma. She is a stream ecologist interested in all aspects of freshwater mussel biology, especially ecology and conservation. Daniel Spooner (dspooner@ou.edu) is a Graduate Research Assistant on the project. His responsibilities include, surveying, identifying, and cataloging freshwater mussels. Daniel is a PhD student in the Department of Zoology at the University of Oklahoma. .Melissa Moore (mmoore@ou.edu) was a Graduate Research Assistant on the project. Her responsibilities included surveying, identifying and cataloging samples of benthic insects and meiofauna. Melissa received her M.S. in Zoology from the University of Oklahoma in July, 2002, and is now a college teacher in Alabama Dan and Jennifer on the Kiamichi River Jennifer Johnson was a student technician on the project for several years. Jennifer participated in field surveys, sorted numerous samples of benthic invertebrates, and entered lots of data. Jennifer is now working as a technician at the NSF Sevilleta LTER site and completing an M.S. in Botany from the University of Oklahoma . Ferrella March (ferrella@ou.edu) is a Graduate Research Assistant on the project. Ferrella is currently identifying the chironomid larve we collected. She is pursuing her MS in Zoology, studying reservoir aging. Heather Basara was an REU student technician on the project. Heather participated in field surveys, processed benthic samples, and performed data entry. Heather has moved the mussel catalog between software platforms and designed this web page. Heather is currently working on a Ph.D. in Environmental Managment at the University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center. Scientists http://www.biosurvey.ou.edu/Biodiversity_Web_Site/Scientists.htm[1/25/2012 3:05:02 PM] Ferrella at the scope! Adam Richardson worked as an REU undergraduate field assistant on the project in 1999 and 2000. Adam recently graduated from Southwestern Oklahoma State University and is now working in a marine biology laboratory at the University of South Florida. He is applying to graduate schools and wants to study shark biology. Chad Kolkmann was an REU undergraduate field assistant on the project in summer 1999. Joy Boggs was an undergraduate student technician on the project. Joy's responsibilities included sorting samples of benthic and meiofaunal invertebrates and data entry. Joy is now working as a veterinary technician. William Mahoney was an undergraduate student technician on the project. William's responsibilities included sorting samples of benthic and meiofaunal invertebrates and data entry. William is now working as a forensic biologist with the Oklahoma State Bureau of Investigation. Sarah Maddux was an undergraduate REU student technician on the project. Sarah sorted samples of meiofauna. Eric Webber and Cara Hilgenfeld are undergraduate student technicians currently sorting meiofauna samples. Additional scientists were consulted for identification and verification of various taxa. See the Experts page for details. Sampling Methods http://www.biosurvey.ou.edu/Biodiversity_Web_Site/samplingmethods.htm[1/25/2012 3:05:05 PM] BIODIVERSITY of OUACHITA UPLAND RIVERS Sampling Methods Mussel habitat can often be identified by the presence of dead shell material on the banks and in the water. We sample mussels by snorkeling over their habitat and looking for their siphons sticking up out of the sediment. In most cases mussels are carefully picked up, identified and measured, and returned alive to the stream bottom. We take only limited voucher specimens. Tissue for genetic studies is sampled by taking a small clipping of mantle from the mussel and returning the live mussel to its habitat. Benthic invertebrates are quantitatively sampled using an apparatus that vacuums the substrate within a predefined area. This apparatus was designed by Dr. Art Brown from the University of Arkansas. We also qualitatively sample benthic invertebrates with nets at stream margins and in other unique habitats. The adult forms for benthic insects are collected by UV light traps. Meiofauna are sampled by taking sediment core samples. Fishes are sampled by seining. Experts http://www.biosurvey.ou.edu/Biodiversity_Web_Site/Experts.htm[1/25/2012 3:05:05 PM] BIODIVERSITY of OUACHITA UPLAND RIVERS Taxonomic Experts We are grateful to the following scientists for their help in identifying Ouachita Upland stream organisms. Dr. Cheryl Barr : Elmidae David Baumgardner : Ephemeroptera Dr. Elizabeth Bergey : Lepidoptera Dr. Arthur Bogan : Gastropoda / Unionidae Dr. Harley Brown : Elmidae Heidi Dunn : Oligochaeta Dr. Donald Klemm : Hirudinea Dr. Boris Kondratieff : Megaloptera and Plecoptera Dr. William Matthews : Fishes Dr. Dave Ruiter : Trichoptera |
Date created | 2012-01-27 |
Date modified | 2014-05-15 |
OCLC number | 813293620 |
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